Vocabulary of A2 Physics - A2 物理词汇

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注意：这个不是Definition。只是词汇表，不要背下来。

Centripetal /sɛnˈtrɪpɪtl/

中心向的

Centripetal in physics refers to the inward force that makes a body follow a curved path.

在物理学中，中心向指的是使物体沿曲线路径运动的向内力。

Geostationary /ˌdʒiːəʊˈsteɪʃənəri/

地球静止的

Geostationary refers to an orbit in which a satellite is always in the same position with respect to the rotating Earth.

地球静止的指的是卫星相对于地球的旋转始终处于同一位置的轨道。

Fields /fi:ldz/

场

In physics, fields refer to the region in space where a particle experiences a force.

在物理学中，场指的是粒子受力的空间区域。

Equilibrium /ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbriəm/

平衡

Equilibrium in physics refers to a state where the net force acting on an object is zero.

在物理学中，平衡指的是作用在物体上的净力为零的状态。

Simple Harmonic Motion /ˈsɪmpl ˈhɑːmɒnɪk ˈmoʊʃən/

简谐运动

Simple Harmonic Motion in physics refers to the motion of an object where the acceleration is directly proportional to its displacement from its equilibrium position and is always directed towards that position.

在物理学中，简谐运动指的是一个物体的运动，其中加速度与其从平衡位置的位移成正比，并且总是指向那个位置。

Damping /ˈdæmpɪŋ/

阻尼

Damping in physics refers to an influence within or upon an oscillatory system that has the effect of reducing the amplitude of the oscillations.

在物理学中，阻尼指的是在振荡系统内或对振荡系统的影响，它有减小振荡幅度的效果。

Resonance /ˈrɛzənəns/

共振

Resonance in physics refers to a phenomenon that occurs when a system is driven by another system at an appropriate frequency equal to the natural frequency of the system.

在物理学中，共振指的是当一个系统被另一个系统以等于系统自然频率的适当频率驱动时发生的现象。

Probe /proʊb/

探针

In physics, a probe is a device or substance used to make a measurement or observation, often in a context where direct measurement is not possible or practical.

在物理学中，探针是一种用来进行测量或观察的设备或物质，常在直接测量不可能或不实用的情况下使用。

Solenoid /ˈsoʊləˌnɔɪd/

螺线管

A solenoid in physics refers to a coil of wire that generates a magnetic field when an electric current is passed through it.

在物理学中，螺线管指的是当电流通过时会产生磁场的线圈。

Sinusoidal /ˌsaɪnəˈsɔɪdl/

正弦的

Sinusoidal in physics refers to a waveform that describes a smooth repetitive oscillation. It is named after the function sine.

在物理学中，正弦的指的是描述平滑重复振荡的波形。它以正弦函数命名。

R.M.S /ˌɑrɛmɛs/

均方根

Root mean square (RMS) is a statistical measure of the magnitude of a varying quantity. It is especially useful when variates are positive and negative, e.g., sinusoids.

均方根（RMS）是衡量变化量大小的统计指标。当变量为正和负时，它尤其有用，例如正弦波。

Rectification /ˌrɛktɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

整流

In physics, rectification is the conversion of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). This involves a device that allows current to flow in one direction only.

在物理学中，整流是交流（AC）转为直流（DC）的过程。这涉及到一种只允许电流单向流动的设备。

Photon /ˈfoʊtɒn/

光子

A photon in physics is a type of elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light.

在物理学中，光子是一种基本粒子，包括光等电磁辐射的电磁场量子。

Work Function /wɜːrk ˈfʌŋkʃən/

功函数

In physics, the work function is the energy (usually measured in electron volts) needed to remove an electron from a solid to a point in the vacuum immediately outside the solid surface.

在物理学中，功函数是将电子从固体中移除到紧挨固体表面的真空中所需要的能量（通常以电子伏特为单位）。

Photoelectric /ˌfoʊtoʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/

光电的

Photoelectric refers to the phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from a material’s surface when light is shone onto it.

光电的指的是当光照射到物质表面时，电子从物质表面发射出来的现象。

Photoelectron /ˌfoʊtoʊɪˈlɛktrɒn/

光电子

A photoelectron is an electron that is emitted from an atom or molecule by absorption of a photon.

光电子是通过吸收光子从原子或分子中

发射出来的电子。

Graphite /ˈɡræfaɪt/

石墨

Graphite is a naturally occurring form of crystalline carbon. It is a native element mineral found in metamorphic and igneous rocks.

石墨是一种天然存在的晶体碳。它是在变质岩和火成岩中发现的原生元素矿物。

De Broglie Wavelength /də ˈbrɔɪ/

德布罗意波长

The de Broglie wavelength is the wavelength, λ, associated with a particle and is related to its momentum and Planck's constant.

德布罗意波长是与粒子相关的波长，与其动量和普朗克常数有关。

Excited/De-excited

激发/退激发

In physics, "excited" refers to a state where an atom, ion, or molecule has more energy than it does at its ground state. "De-excited" refers to the process where they return to their ground state.

在物理学中，“激发”指的是原子、离子或分子比其基态具有更多的能量的状态。“退激发”指的是它们返回到基态的过程。

Spectra /ˈspɛktrə/

光谱

Spectra in physics refers to the range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by an object or substance.

在物理学中，光谱指的是物体或物质发射或吸收的电磁辐射的波长范围。

Nuclear/ Nucleon/ Nuclei /Nucleus /ˈnjuːkliər, ˈnjuːkliɒn, ˈnjuːklaɪi, ˈnjuːkliəs/

核/核子/核/核

In physics, "nuclear" refers to the part of an atom where protons and neutrons are contained. A "nucleon" is a proton or a neutron. "Nuclei" is the plural of "nucleus".

在物理学中，“核”指的是原子中包含质子和中子的部分。“核子”是质子或中子。“核”是“核”的复数形式。

Exponential /ˌɛkspoʊˈnɛnʃəl/

指数的

Exponential in physics often refers to a type of decay or growth that is proportional to the current value.

在物理学中，指数的通常指的是与当前值成比例的衰变或增长。

Mass Defect /mæs dɪˈfɛkt/

质量缺失

In physics, the mass defect refers to the difference in mass between of an atomic nucleus and the sum of the masses of its constituent protons and neutrons.

在物理学中，质量缺失指的是原子核的质量与其组成的质子和中子的质量之和之间的差异。

Fission /ˈfɪʃən/

裂变

Fission in physics refers to the splitting of a large atomic nucleus into smaller particles, often accompanied by the release of energy.

在物理学中，裂变指的是大原子核分裂为较小的粒子，通常伴随着能量的释放。

Fusion /ˈfjuːʒən/

聚变

Fusion in physics refers to the process of combining two or more atomic nuclei to form a larger nucleus, often releasing energy in the process.

在物理学中，聚变指的是将两个或更多的原子核结合形成较大的核的过程，通常在此过程中释放能量。

Radioactive /ˌreɪdioʊˈæktɪv/

放射性的

Radioactive refers to the property of certain substances or isotopes of spontaneously emitting particles or radiation as a result of nuclear decay.

放射性的指的是某些物质或同位素因核衰变而自发地发射粒子或辐射的性质。

Decay /dɪˈkeɪ/

衰变

In physics, decay refers to the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation.

在物理学中，衰变指的是不稳定的原子核通过发射辐射来损失能量的过程。

Piezoelectric /ˌpiːeɪzoʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/

压电的

Piezoelectricity is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid materials in response to applied mechanical stress.

压电性是某些固体材料对施加的机械应力做出反应时积聚的电荷。

Attenuation /əˌtɛnjʊˈeɪʃən/

衰减

In physics, attenuation is the gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium. For instance, it can refer to the decrease in energy with distance as a light, sound, or radio wave passes through a medium (like air, water, or any other physical substance). It is often due to absorption and scattering.

在物理学中，衰减是流通过介质时强度的逐渐减小。例如，它可以指的是光、声音或无线电波通过介质（如空气、水或任何其他物理物质）时能量随距离的减小。这通常是由于吸收和散射造成的。

Acoustic Impedance /əˈkuːstɪk ɪmˈpiːdəns/

声阻抗

Acoustic impedance in physics is a measure of the opposition that a system presents to the acoustic flow resulting from an acoustic pressure applied to the system.

在物理学中，声阻抗是系统对由于施加到系统的声压产生的声流的阻力的度量。

Coefficient /koʊɪˈfɪʃənt/

系数

In physics, a coefficient is a multiplicative factor in some term of a mathematical expression; it is usually a number, but in any case does not involve any variables of the expression.

在物理学中，系数是数学表达式中某项的乘法因子；它通常是一个数字，但无论如何都不涉及表达式的任何变量。

Coupling Medium /ˈkʌplɪŋ ˈmiːdiəm/

耦合媒介

In physics, a coupling medium is a material or substance that facilitates the transfer of energy from one medium to another.

在物理学中，耦合介质是一种促进能量从一个介质传输到另一个介质的材料或物质。

Electron Bombardment /ɪˈlɛktrɒn bɒmˈbɑːrdmənt/

电子轰击

Electron bombardment in physics refers to the process of accelerating electrons to high speeds and then directing them at a material.

在物理学中，电子轰击指的是将电子加速到高速，然后将其指向物质的过程。

Bremsstrahlung /ˈbrɛmsˌʃtrɑːləŋ/

制动辐射

Bremsstrahlung is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by another charged particle, typically an electron by an atomic nucleus.

制动辐射是由带电粒子减速时产生的电磁辐射，当被另一个带电粒子（通常是原子核）偏转时，通常是电子。

Contrast /ˈkɒntrɑːst/

对比度

In physics, contrast is the difference in luminance and/or color that makes an object distinguishable.

在物理学中，对比度是使物体可区分的亮度和/或颜色的差异。

Computed Tomography (CT) /kəmˈpjuːtɪd təˈmɒɡrəfi/

计算机断层扫描（CT）

Computed tomography (CT) is a type of imaging that uses special x-ray equipment to make cross-sectional pictures of your body.

计算机断层扫描（CT）是一种使用特殊X射线设备制作人体横截面图像的成像技术。

Annihilation /əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃən/

湮灭

In physics, annihilation is the process that occurs when a subatomic particle collides with its respective antiparticle, leading to the elimination of both and the conversion of their energy into a force carrier particle/ energy.

在物理学中，湮灭是指亚原子粒子与其对应的反粒子碰撞的过程，导致两者都被消除，并将其能量转化为力载体粒子（能量）。

Luminosity /ˌluːmɪˈnɒsɪti/

光度

In physics, luminosity is the total amount of energy emitted by a star, galaxy, or other astronomical object per unit time.

在物理学中，光度是恒星、星系或其他天文物体单位时间内发射的能量总量。

Radiant Flux Intensity /ˈreɪdiənt flʌks ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/

辐射通量强度

Radiant flux intensity in physics is the total power of electromagnetic radiation (including infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light), emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time.

在物理学中，辐射通量强度是单位时间内发射、反射、传输或接收的电磁辐射（包括红外线、紫外线和可见光）的总功率。

Redshift /ˈrɛdʃɪft/

红移

Redshift in physics is a phenomenon where electromagnetic radiation (such as light) from an object undergoes an increase in wavelength.

在物理学中，红移是一种现象，其中来自物体的电磁辐射（如光）的波长增加。

Interference /ˌɪntərˈfɪrəns/

干涉

In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two waves superpose to form a resultant wave of greater, lower, or the same amplitude.

在物理学中，干涉是一种现象，其中两个波叠加形成一个具有更大、更小或相同振幅的结果波。

Diffraction /dɪˈfrækʃən/

衍射

In physics, diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit.

在物理学中，衍射指的是波遇到障碍物或狭缝时发生的各种现象。

Quantum /ˈkwɒntəm/

量子

In physics, a quantum (plural: quanta) is the minimum amount of any physical entity involved in an interaction.

在物理学中，量子（复数：量子）是参与交互的任何物理实体的最小量。